YUELI Academic class 118, level 6
Reading Summary #4
October 7th, 2007
Grace Guan
Values and the Perceived Importance of Ethics and Social Responsibility: The U.S. versus China
Summary:
According to the authors Shafer, Fukukawa and Lee in their article “Values and the Perceived Importance of Ethics and Social Responsibility: The U.S. versus China,” (Business Ethics, 2007, P265-285), they states the effects of nationality and personal values on the Perceived Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility scale.
In the article, Shafer, Fukukawa and Lee hypothesize that Chinese managers believe less strongly in the importance of ethical and socially responsible business conduct (2007, P270-271). They also hypothesized that after controlling for national differences, managers' personal values would have a significant impact on Perceived Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility responses (Shafer, Fukukawa, Lee, 2007, P271-273). The results indicate that nationality did not have a consistent impact on Perceived Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility responses (Shafer, Fukukawa, Lee, 2007, P275-278). After controlling for national differences, self-transcendence values and Conservation values had significant positive impacts on Perceived Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility dimensions(Shafer, Fukukawa, Lee, 2007, P279-283).
In conclusion, according to. Shafer, Fukukawa and Lee’s article, not nationality but personal values have a consistent impact on Perceived Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility responses.
Tuesday, October 9, 2007
Sunday, September 30, 2007
READING SUMMARY #3
AYUELI Academic class 118, level 6
Reading Summary #3
September 30th, 2007
Grace Guan
Cultural influences on personality
According to authors Harry C Triandis and Eunkook M Suh in their article “ Cultural influences on personality,” ( Review of Psychology, 2002, P133-160), they states the different people personality between collectivist cultures and individualist cultures.
In the article, Triandis and Suh generalize those 4 differences between these two cultures: 1, people in individualist cultures sample with high probability elements of the personal self (e.g.“I am busy”). People from collectivist cultures tend to sample mostly elements of the collective self (e.g.“my co-workers think I am kind”) ( Review of Psychology, 2002, P136). 2, in collectivist cultures, its members have many rules and norms about behavior and punish those who deviate from norms. Adolescents conform to the societal norms and do not engage in risk behaviors. In individualist cultures, people are more likely to react to deviations from normative behaviors by saying “It does not matter.”(Review of Psychology, 2002, P138). 3, in collectivist cultures people are interdependent with their in-groups and shape their behavior basis on in-group norms. People in individualist cultures prefer individual actions (Review of Psychology, 2002, P139). 4, People in collectivist cultures use indirect and face-saving communication more than people in individualist cultures (Review of Psychology, 2002, P143).
In conclusion, according to Triandis and Suh’s article, people personalities are influenced by cultures.
Reading Summary #3
September 30th, 2007
Grace Guan
Cultural influences on personality
According to authors Harry C Triandis and Eunkook M Suh in their article “ Cultural influences on personality,” ( Review of Psychology, 2002, P133-160), they states the different people personality between collectivist cultures and individualist cultures.
In the article, Triandis and Suh generalize those 4 differences between these two cultures: 1, people in individualist cultures sample with high probability elements of the personal self (e.g.“I am busy”). People from collectivist cultures tend to sample mostly elements of the collective self (e.g.“my co-workers think I am kind”) ( Review of Psychology, 2002, P136). 2, in collectivist cultures, its members have many rules and norms about behavior and punish those who deviate from norms. Adolescents conform to the societal norms and do not engage in risk behaviors. In individualist cultures, people are more likely to react to deviations from normative behaviors by saying “It does not matter.”(Review of Psychology, 2002, P138). 3, in collectivist cultures people are interdependent with their in-groups and shape their behavior basis on in-group norms. People in individualist cultures prefer individual actions (Review of Psychology, 2002, P139). 4, People in collectivist cultures use indirect and face-saving communication more than people in individualist cultures (Review of Psychology, 2002, P143).
In conclusion, according to Triandis and Suh’s article, people personalities are influenced by cultures.
Sunday, September 23, 2007
reading summary #2
YUELI Academic class 118, level 6
Reading Summary #2
September 23rd, 2007
Grace Guan
HYBIRD PLANNING CULTURES: THE SEARCH FOR THE GLOBAL CULTURAL COMMONS
According to author Bishwapriya Sanyal in his article “HYBIRD PLANNING CULTURES: THE SEARCH FOR THE GLOBAL CULTURAL COMMONS,” (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P3-28), he states the factors which influence planning cultures.
In the article, Bishwapriya Sanyal generalizes that there are some factors influence the planning cultures. They are paradigm shift, attack, variations, changing nature, globalization and politics (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P6-22). On the other hand, Bishwapriya Sanyal also states the factors that vary democracy and communist countries (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P3). “The nations vary by degrees of urbanization and industrialization,” the author explains that, “the nations also vary in term of their established political systems.” (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P3-4) Finally, Bishwapriya Sanya concludes that planning cultures like an embedded social culture in constant flux (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P22).
In conclusion, according to Bishwapriya Sanyal’s article, planning cultures are influenced by many factors. At the same time, they also influence the development of nations.
Reading Summary #2
September 23rd, 2007
Grace Guan
HYBIRD PLANNING CULTURES: THE SEARCH FOR THE GLOBAL CULTURAL COMMONS
According to author Bishwapriya Sanyal in his article “HYBIRD PLANNING CULTURES: THE SEARCH FOR THE GLOBAL CULTURAL COMMONS,” (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P3-28), he states the factors which influence planning cultures.
In the article, Bishwapriya Sanyal generalizes that there are some factors influence the planning cultures. They are paradigm shift, attack, variations, changing nature, globalization and politics (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P6-22). On the other hand, Bishwapriya Sanyal also states the factors that vary democracy and communist countries (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P3). “The nations vary by degrees of urbanization and industrialization,” the author explains that, “the nations also vary in term of their established political systems.” (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P3-4) Finally, Bishwapriya Sanya concludes that planning cultures like an embedded social culture in constant flux (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P22).
In conclusion, according to Bishwapriya Sanyal’s article, planning cultures are influenced by many factors. At the same time, they also influence the development of nations.
Sunday, September 16, 2007
reading summary 1
YUELI Academic class 118, level 6
Reading Summary 1
September 15th, 2007
Grace Guan
Cultural Values and Parenting Education
According to authors Sharon L. Kagan and Amy E. Lowenstein in their article “Cultural Values and Parenting Education,” (Developing Cultures, 2006, P37-56), they state the relationship between parenting education and cultural values.
In the article, Kagan and Lowenstein place parenting education into three contexts. They are the definitional context, the historical context and the contemporary context (Developing Cultures, 2006, P38). The Definitional Context: Parenting and parenting education are different in their orientation. (Kagan and Lowenstein, 2006, P38) authors explain that “parenting is private, inculcates values, and acculturates children to familial and social norms. Parenting education is less private, and while it inculcates values, it focuses more on changing behaviors” (Kagan and Lowenstein, 2006, P38). The Historical Context: parenting education was been mentioned at the fifteenth century in Europe when children were been exalted and became important to the future of the state (Kagan and Lowenstein, 2006, P39-40). The Contemporary Context: in Kagan and Lowenstein’s article, the Whitings noted that “the level of cultural complexity affected how parents fashioned their children’s social roles and behavior” (2006, P44).
In conclusion, according to Kagan and Lowenstein’s article, parenting education tend to alter parenting behaviors rather than parents’ values.
Reading Summary 1
September 15th, 2007
Grace Guan
Cultural Values and Parenting Education
According to authors Sharon L. Kagan and Amy E. Lowenstein in their article “Cultural Values and Parenting Education,” (Developing Cultures, 2006, P37-56), they state the relationship between parenting education and cultural values.
In the article, Kagan and Lowenstein place parenting education into three contexts. They are the definitional context, the historical context and the contemporary context (Developing Cultures, 2006, P38). The Definitional Context: Parenting and parenting education are different in their orientation. (Kagan and Lowenstein, 2006, P38) authors explain that “parenting is private, inculcates values, and acculturates children to familial and social norms. Parenting education is less private, and while it inculcates values, it focuses more on changing behaviors” (Kagan and Lowenstein, 2006, P38). The Historical Context: parenting education was been mentioned at the fifteenth century in Europe when children were been exalted and became important to the future of the state (Kagan and Lowenstein, 2006, P39-40). The Contemporary Context: in Kagan and Lowenstein’s article, the Whitings noted that “the level of cultural complexity affected how parents fashioned their children’s social roles and behavior” (2006, P44).
In conclusion, according to Kagan and Lowenstein’s article, parenting education tend to alter parenting behaviors rather than parents’ values.
Monday, September 10, 2007
Sunday, June 24, 2007
I Yearn foretime
Time fleets so fast, next week will be the last time of this section. I feel so sad. I am yearning foretime so much. I still remember the first when I saw my classmates and my teacher. At the beginning, we didn’t know each other. However, we have become the best friends now. We study together; sometimes we also go outside together. There are a lot of things I can’t forget which happened in this two month—the first time I introduced myself, the first time I introduced my name to you, the first time I did teamwork job with my classmates…… We have built good reins with our classmates and teacher. There will be a forever remembrance in my heart. Otherwise, I have learned a lot of knowledge which I didn’t know before. I think I improved my English in this two month, especially listening and writing. Sometimes we got a lot of homework from our teacher, and the homework drive our crazy. However, we tried our best to finish it because we knew that is good for us, the tests also. I think we are all good students. We tried our best to finish each homework and test. For example, when we wrote the final essay, everyone tried their best to search the correlative information. We used all the ways to find out the best information of our topics. Sometimes we discussed with other people for our essay and shared the experiences. My classmates are so nice and my teacher is good. That is my luck. No matter where we are in the future, we will be the best friends forever!
Sunday, June 17, 2007
Last Friday I went to centre island to BBQ with my Friends. We chose a place which closed to the beach. The weather was really good. Some people had picnic, some young people played volleyball on the beach, some people rode bike. We bought a lot of food to eat and very enjoyed our time.
When we left, it was 10: 30; the nocturne of downtown was so attractive. Last week I heard the news said the lampions of CN tower will be lighted again. I believe at that time, the nocturne will become more beautiful.
When we left, it was 10: 30; the nocturne of downtown was so attractive. Last week I heard the news said the lampions of CN tower will be lighted again. I believe at that time, the nocturne will become more beautiful.
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