READING SUMMARY #3

AYUELI Academic class 118, level 6
Reading Summary #3
September 30th, 2007
Grace Guan
Cultural influences on personality
According to authors Harry C Triandis and Eunkook M Suh in their article “ Cultural influences on personality,” ( Review of Psychology, 2002, P133-160), they states the different people personality between collectivist cultures and individualist cultures.
In the article, Triandis and Suh generalize those 4 differences between these two cultures: 1, people in individualist cultures sample with high probability elements of the personal self (e.g.“I am busy”). People from collectivist cultures tend to sample mostly elements of the collective self (e.g.“my co-workers think I am kind”) ( Review of Psychology, 2002, P136). 2, in collectivist cultures, its members have many rules and norms about behavior and punish those who deviate from norms. Adolescents conform to the societal norms and do not engage in risk behaviors. In individualist cultures, people are more likely to react to deviations from normative behaviors by saying “It does not matter.”(Review of Psychology, 2002, P138). 3, in collectivist cultures people are interdependent with their in-groups and shape their behavior basis on in-group norms. People in individualist cultures prefer individual actions (Review of Psychology, 2002, P139). 4, People in collectivist cultures use indirect and face-saving communication more than people in individualist cultures (Review of Psychology, 2002, P143).
In conclusion, according to Triandis and Suh’s article, people personalities are influenced by cultures.

reading summary #2

YUELI Academic class 118, level 6
Reading Summary #2
September 23rd, 2007
Grace Guan

HYBIRD PLANNING CULTURES: THE SEARCH FOR THE GLOBAL CULTURAL COMMONS
According to author Bishwapriya Sanyal in his article “HYBIRD PLANNING CULTURES: THE SEARCH FOR THE GLOBAL CULTURAL COMMONS,” (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P3-28), he states the factors which influence planning cultures.
In the article, Bishwapriya Sanyal generalizes that there are some factors influence the planning cultures. They are paradigm shift, attack, variations, changing nature, globalization and politics (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P6-22). On the other hand, Bishwapriya Sanyal also states the factors that vary democracy and communist countries (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P3). “The nations vary by degrees of urbanization and industrialization,” the author explains that, “the nations also vary in term of their established political systems.” (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P3-4) Finally, Bishwapriya Sanya concludes that planning cultures like an embedded social culture in constant flux (Comparative Planning Cultures, 2005, P22).
In conclusion, according to Bishwapriya Sanyal’s article, planning cultures are influenced by many factors. At the same time, they also influence the development of nations.

reading summary 1

YUELI Academic class 118, level 6
Reading Summary 1
September 15th, 2007
Grace Guan

Cultural Values and Parenting Education
According to authors Sharon L. Kagan and Amy E. Lowenstein in their article “Cultural Values and Parenting Education,” (Developing Cultures, 2006, P37-56), they state the relationship between parenting education and cultural values.

In the article, Kagan and Lowenstein place parenting education into three contexts. They are the definitional context, the historical context and the contemporary context (Developing Cultures, 2006, P38). The Definitional Context: Parenting and parenting education are different in their orientation. (Kagan and Lowenstein, 2006, P38) authors explain that “parenting is private, inculcates values, and acculturates children to familial and social norms. Parenting education is less private, and while it inculcates values, it focuses more on changing behaviors” (Kagan and Lowenstein, 2006, P38). The Historical Context: parenting education was been mentioned at the fifteenth century in Europe when children were been exalted and became important to the future of the state (Kagan and Lowenstein, 2006, P39-40). The Contemporary Context: in Kagan and Lowenstein’s article, the Whitings noted that “the level of cultural complexity affected how parents fashioned their children’s social roles and behavior” (2006, P44).

In conclusion, according to Kagan and Lowenstein’s article, parenting education tend to alter parenting behaviors rather than parents’ values.

hi, lindsey, i am Grace. here is my blog. Welcome to my blog. There are some funny experience that i showed in my blog before, you can have a look if you have time. i hope you can enjoy it. have a good mood everyday!!!